The collection of medical procedures used to unite the egg and sperm outside the body in a laboratory environment are called assisted reproductive technologies.
They are broadly divided into IVF and IVF-ICSI.
Louise Brown was the world’s first baby born through ART on 25th July 1978 at the Royal Oldham Hospital in Greater Manchester England. The pioneer team behind her birth included the scientist and physiologist Robert Edwards, the gynecological surgeon Patrick Steptoe, and the nurse and co-founding embryologist Jean Purdy.
https://www.louisejoybrown.co.uk/blog/film-joy-tells-story-of-ivf

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